Eigrp another setup

 A new set up of EIGRP.R1 is connected to 10.2.0.0/24 which needs to be summarized on int f0/0.

i wanted to check Null0 Interface.

eigrp offset

R1
=====
show ip proto --->output


Routing Protocol is "eigrp 10"
  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Default networks flagged in outgoing updates
  Default networks accepted from incoming updates
  EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
  EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
  EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
  Redistributing: connected, eigrp 10
  EIGRP NSF-aware route hold timer is 240s
  Automatic network summarization is not in effect
  Maximum path: 4
  Routing for Networks:
    10.10.10.0/24
    10.10.20.0/24
  Routing Information Sources:
    Gateway         Distance      Last Update
    10.10.10.2            90      00:03:00
    10.10.20.2            90      00:03:00
  Distance: internal 90 external 170


Show IP route output



Gateway of last resort is not set

     1.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C       1.1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback1
     10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C       10.10.10.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
C       10.10.20.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
D    192.168.1.0/24 [90/2172416] via 10.10.20.2, 00:13:15, Serial1/1
                    [90/2172416] via 10.10.10.2, 00:13:15, Serial1/0



after offset

successor and feasible successor

I know that only successor routes appear in the routing table, but how can I tell the difference between successor and feasible successor?

R1# show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(172.31.16.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 172.31.151.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 768
via Connected, Loopback1
P 172.31.211.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 1024
via 172.31.11.201 (1024/76, FastEthernet0/0
P 172.31.24.0/30, 1 successors, FD is 768
via 172.31.11.2 (768/512), FastEthernet0/0
via 172.31.14.2 (1024/512), Serial0/0.4


======================================


P 172.31.24.0/30, 1 successors, FD is 768
via 172.31.11.2 (FD768/AD512), FastEthernet0/0
via 172.31.14.2 (FD1024/AD512), Serial0/0.4

Cleared CISSP

How I cleared CISSP
How to pass CISSP
How to crack CISSP
============================================================
                              Please do comment and let me know if it helped you
============================================================

Googling for answers to above questions? I was also searching all over internet to find or how to approach CISSP but couldn't find any.

I will try to provide you with each piece of information on how I approached  CISSP.

During my last paper of CCNP, I started searching about books that I should read to pass CISSP. i soon learned that Shon Harris is best for this beast. I started reading Shon, which I ordered earlier, from the same day i passed CCNP. I read the first chapter "Information Security and Risk Management" and then started to do the questions which were at the end of the book. I got 82% right. I thought if these are the questions in the CISSP then I said CISSP is simple to crack but to soon find that I was wrong.

As soon as I completed the chapter, I answered the questions which were at the end of the book. My daily routine starts by waking at 8:45 AM, reaching office by 9:30 AM. Once I am at office can't say what time I will reach home again. Usually I reached home by 9 or 9:30 PM. I spent some time there after with my wife until she goes to sleep by 11:00 PM. I used to study till 3-4 AM and run to office again the next day. Because of this busy schedule, I decided to dedicate saturday to her. I decided saturday instead of sunday because it was half working day for her. she used to wake me up by 10AM on every Saturday and I utilized the time till she returned for my studies. Sunday I had all the time in the world. This was my day. I read, I go gym, I take rest and read untill 3:00 AM.

It took me 3 months to complete Shon. I used to score between 78-85% for the questions behind every chapter. I started CCCure and I scored almost 69-76%. I thought I was ready for the exam. Till now I just read Shon once and did all the CCCure 2150 questions. But there was something within me which said, Ravi you are not ready yet. Are you playing stupid? questions can't be so dumb in actual exam.

One evening I goggled for CISSP sample questions. I came across:
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=2TOZ-ySmTk0C&pg=PT1&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false

I read review. There were two reviews which said that most of the questions were from NIST. I checked the sample questions and the reviews were right. Just before closing the browser I thought of going through some questions. I checked the question number 39 which was about XACML. I realized that I forgot about this...slowly as I went through the questions the more I realized that I am still not ready. Clearly, this was helpful as I now understand what level of questions can be expected.

I started to wear down due to long forceful night. I decided one thing. I will take a week complete rest. Forget about CISSP. Just relax as if I passed the exam but that was not so simple. CISSP was haunting me and the recent blow was very powerful. Everyone at office wanted to know how was my preparation going.
I was not able to face them and at one point I thought I should just register and give the exam...whatever may be the result. At the end of the same week I also decided the following which helped me at the end:
1> do not rush and take your own time to understand the concepts
2> i will have to read the shon again : but I really did not like reading it again. I needed a new source so I got the CBK.
3> better source of questions other than CCCure so bought the book ( link above)
4> need to give actual or give sample exam which is close to the actual exam

Now I was taking too much time, more than what an average person would spend for passing the CISSP. Clearly at one point I doubted my own capabilities. But only way was to accept it as challenge and not to rush. I completed the CBK in 3 weeks. I read the most important 5 units again from Shon.

Once done, I started the vallabhaneni book for the sample questions. Now I was able to face the questions more confidently. My answers and the concept behind it was actually proving right now. This boosted my confidence. It also became obvious about the question which I can bypass from that book. I started working 9 hours shift, sticking to my schedule. No saturdays to wife and no enjoy on sundays. A strict schedule was being maintained. I came to know about the ISC2 retired questions from studyscope

https://www.expresscertifications.com/ISC2/Catalog.aspx 

I got all the three. I gave the first exam it was 81----> but still not confident.

So i wanted to do more questions so I did the questions from
http://www.aiotestking.com/isc2/2011/08/which-of-the-following-is-not-one-of-theseitems/#comment-393

Gave the second paper from study scope...it was quite hard but managed to score 79. Now I kept topics which I wanted to read from each chapter which was of high importance. This helped in the final hours of the preparation. During my first reading of the Shon I prepared notes. The sample of the notes is something link below:

Notes helped me lot. I didn't had to read the whole topic, just the bullets. Each sentence of Shon and CBK actually made sense so I took notes very detailed. I made them points so that its easy to remember.

Before fortnight, a trip to Belgium and Netherlands cropped up. It was a business trip which lasted for a week. I had only 1 week left to be exact daily 6 hours and saturday and sunday. Many blogs read that the last 15-20 days were crucial. I thought I have wasted the crucial time. Since I scheduled my exam on 29th Oct which was Monday, I had time to visit the CBT (computer based test) center on saturday. On sunday evening I gave my last exam from the study scope I passed by 71%. I just thought still my probability of passing the exam now and before 2  months still remains same 50%. But I was sure that I would.

Till now, I studied the two books 2 times each, more than 8000 questions solved and none failed.

Now it was time to prepare a strategy for the main exam. Its a 6 hour long big exam. I planned
1> every 100th question i will take 5 min break..even if I have left all the 100 questions unanswered.
2> I will not panic even the first 25 questions are unanswered may be they are just unmarked questions.
3> I will take three breaks maximum
4> I will utilize most of or all the time during the exam.
5> I will eat food which will make me calm for atleast 2-4 hours.
6> prayed god to give me strength for staying focused during the exam

It took me 2 1/2 hours to complete the first 100 questions of which I left 14 questions unanswered. During break I realized that I should not spend much time on the questions I believed that do not make any sense or too much for me. In second 100 there were 6 such questions. I took a break then completed the last 50 questions. Total number of question unanswered were 20 and time in hand was 45 mins....I said NO problem..I am good for a break. I again took a break for 10 mins because I really need patience and concentration to answer these. By answering the questions I was confident that I will for sure pass the exam.

I read on some blogs that some failed with score as near as 694. So one correct answer may make big difference. Took 15 mins to answer them. For most of them I really did not like to change the answer. I just clicked on the end exam because of impatience. I took 5 hours and 45 mins.

It never said I passed or failed on the screen. So I had to wait for the print out to come. It just read congratulations. I just sank in the seat for 2 mins thinking nothing...just blank. During the same time two set of GMAT students came and gave their Gmat and already left. The lady at the front desk asked what exam was that. Instead I asked her, how many guys enrolled for this exam since Jan, she said " None" and this was the only center from where one can give CISSP CBT.  I called my wife and told her. She was sharing this with everyone in her office. I thought she was more happy than me. I think she sacrificed more than me and hence her joy but me still in shock.

For questions, let me tell you...you will never remember a question once you are out from the exam room.

 I was not able to enjoy for 3 days because I was in shock. I promised my senior that if I pass I would come to office same day 5 PM and if I failed, i will just ride home and sleep some time. My exam was over by 4:30 and I already missed 3 calls from my wife and colleagues.  I went to office and everyone congratulated me for passing this exam.

My current experience stands at 4 1/2 years in access controls, network security, system security and DR.

Please reach me  blog2vm@gmail.com for further information.

For CCNP Switching

Hi All,

I am creating a new blog for ccnp switch Labs. I will try to upload every single lab I do there. check out


http://ccnpswitch.blogspot.com/

Regards,
vm 

keep up the heat

I need to keep up the heat. Started the STP and it works fine in little network but the FUNDA withered with big switched network. Need to work on small then to medium and then to the big network to understand the basics and then work on the major deployments. To the right is a simple network. Amber are the blocked ports I need to understand why they are amber. Once I do, I will paste my findings.

.  

Passed CCNP- but seriously not feeling happy as it was when I passed CCNA

Today I passed CCNP Routing with 953/1000.

I was little happy because during the paper I thought, I lost it. 

Came to office just to hear "was it all from dumps". Seriously, I felt all the sleepless nights, various scenarios, hours of hard-work just went in to drain.

I am feeling little better after passing it but i am still many hops away from destination.

Need to do the same work again for switching now. Downloaded the videos for switching. 

CCNP Route tomorrow

Tomorrow if everything goes right...I will give my exam...all set...few things I need to revise...lets check how it goes....will keep posted.

successor or feasible successor

I know that only successor routes appear in the routing table, but how can I tell the difference between successor and feasible successor?

R1# show ip eigrp topology
IP-EIGRP Topology Table for AS(1)/ID(172.31.16.1)

Codes: P - Passive, A - Active, U - Update, Q - Query, R - Reply,
r - reply Status, s - sia Status
P 172.31.151.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 768
via Connected, Loopback1
P 172.31.211.0/24, 1 successors, FD is 1024
via 172.31.11.201 (1024/76, FastEthernet0/0
P 172.31.24.0/30, 1 successors, FD is 768
via 172.31.11.2 (768/512), FastEthernet0/0
via 172.31.14.2 (1024/512), Serial0/0.4

======================================

P 172.31.24.0/30, 1 successors, FD is 768
via 172.31.11.2 (FD 768/AD 512), FastEthernet0/0
via 172.31.14.2 (FD 1024/AD 512), Serial0/0.4

since 14,2's AD< FD of 11.2(512<768), it will be added as feasible successor

Trips

There were quite a few hard months for me. There were many schedules:

Iran,KSA, Dubai and now Malaysia.

Now I got to give exam may be without dumps now. It getting very late and falling behind the schedule.

LSA and Types

http://packetlife.net/blog/2008/jun/24/ospf-area-types/

successor and feasible successor of EIGRP

this example will successfully explain when a feasible successor route will be introduced in
show ip route:
      |---5-----R2--10--R3--10--|
R1-                                            -switch---->R5----n/w
     |----5-----R4----10----------|

Route 1> R1-->R4--->R5-->n/w
FD=5+10+5=20
AD=10+5=15

Route 2> R1-->R2-->R3-->R5-->n/w
FD=5+10+10+5=30
AD=10+10+5=25

Cost of Route 1 < Route 2 Hence Route 1 will be successor. Now we know that to qualify a route as a Feasible successor we need to have the AD of a feasible successor should be less than FD of a successor

so we need to compare the Route 2 AD and Route 1 FD. But we found that 25 is not less than 20. Hence there will be no feasible successor.

Hope this helps

OSPF areas

Stub area:
* filters Type 5 LSAs
* default route is inserted into routing table on all routers in Stubby area
* E1/E2 routes are removed from routing table on all routers in Stubby area
* there can only be one exit point out of this area
* no external routes cannot be learned via Stubby area and then inserted into all OSPF areas (because LSA Type 5 is filtered in Stubby area)

Totally Stubby area:
* filters Type 3, 4, 5 LSAs
* default route is inserted into routing table on all routers in Totally Stubby area
* E1/E2 routes are removed from routing table on all routers in Totally Stubby area
* IA routes are removed from routing table on all routers in Totally Stubby area
* there can only be one exit point out of this area
* no external routes cannot be learned via Totally Stubby area and then inserted into all OSPF areas (because LSA Type 5 is filtered in Stubby area)

Not So Stubby area:
* filters Type 5 LSAs but permits Type 7 LSAs to pass through NSSA and once they reach backbone area they are converted back into Type 5 LSAs
* default route is inserted into routing table on all routers in NSSA
* E1/E2 routes are removed from routing table on all routers in NSSA
* external routes can be learned via NSSA and then inserted into all OSPF areas


Not So Stubby Totally Stubby area:
* filters Type 3,4, 5 LSAs but permits Type 7 LSAs to pass through Not So Stubby Totally Stubby area and once they reach backbone area they are converted back into Type 5 LSAs
* default route is inserted into routing table on all routers in Not So Stubby Totally Stubby area
* E1/E2 routes are removed from routing table on all routers in Not So Stubby Totally Stubby area
* IA routes are removed from routing table on all routers in Not So Stubby Totally Stubby area
* external routes can be learned via Not So Stubby Totally Stubby area and then inserted into all OSPF areas

CCNP : Time to give CCNP routing

Preparing the final time for the ccnp routing exam. I will give it as soon as I come back from my KSA trip next month. In the mean time, I would revise everything. BGP took hell lot of time, but I feel more confident and comfortable now with BGP. Atleast, I know little. I will know what they are talking about the issue.

BGP Best path selection

The following process summarizes how BGP chooses the best route on a Cisco router.

1> Prefer the route with the highest weight. (The weight attribute is proprietary to Cisco and is local to the router only.)
2> If multiple routes have the same weight, prefer the route with the highest local preference
value. (The local preference is used within an autonomous system.)

3>If multiple routes have the same local preference, prefer the route that the local router originated. A locally originated route has a next hop of 0.0.0.0 in the BGP table.

4>If none of the routes were locally originated, prefer the route with the shortest autonomous system path.

5>If the autonomous system path length is the same, prefer the lowest origin code (IGP < EGP < incomplete).

6> If all origin codes are the same, prefer the path with the lowest MED. (The MED is exchanged between autonomous systems.) The MED comparison is made only if the neighboring autonomous system is the same for all routes considered, unless the bgp always-compare-med command is enabled

7>If the routes have the same MED, prefer external paths to internal paths. If synchronization is disabled and only internal paths remain, prefer the path through the closest IGP neighbor, which means that the router
prefers the shortest internal path within the autonomous system to reach the destination (the
shortest path to the BGP next hop).

8>For EBGP paths, select the oldest route to minimize the effect of routes going up and down (flapping).
9>Prefer the route with the lowest neighbor BGP router ID value.

10>If the BGP router IDs are the same, prefer the router with the lowest neighbor IP address.--->this will for sure break the tie

Example for MED BGP

R1,R2,R4 are in AS 100 and R4 is in AS 200. Consider R3 as office router having two connections to one ISP via R1 and R4. Below is the config for MED

R1
===========

!
interface Loopback1
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
 no fair-queue
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 192.168.14.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
 ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!        
router bgp 100
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 1.1.1.0 mask 255.255.255.0
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 200
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 192.168.12.2 remote-as 100
 neighbor 192.168.14.2 remote-as 100
 no auto-summary
!
ip http server
!
ip route 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 192.168.13.2
!

R2
============

!
interface Loopback1
 ip address 2.2.2.2 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.12.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 192.168.24.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!        
router bgp 100
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 2.2.2.0 mask 255.255.255.0
 neighbor 192.168.12.1 remote-as 100
 neighbor 192.168.24.2 remote-as 100
 no auto-summary
!

R4
=============


!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.14.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 192.168.24.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
 ip address 192.168.34.1 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
router bgp 100
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 remote-as 200
 neighbor 3.3.3.3 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 192.168.14.1 remote-as 100
 neighbor 192.168.24.1 remote-as 100
 no auto-summary
!
ip http server
!
ip route 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.255 192.168.34.2
!


R3
==========



!
!
interface Loopback1
 ip address 3.3.3.3 255.255.255.0
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 no keepalive
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 20.20.20.1 255.255.255.0
 duplex auto
 speed auto
 no keepalive
!
interface Serial1/0
 ip address 192.168.13.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/1
 ip address 192.168.34.2 255.255.255.0
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/2
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!
interface Serial1/3
 no ip address
 shutdown
 serial restart-delay 0
!        
router bgp 200
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 10.10.10.0 mask 255.255.255.0
 network 20.20.20.0 mask 255.255.255.0
 neighbor 192.168.13.1 remote-as 100
 neighbor 192.168.13.1 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 192.168.13.1 update-source Loopback1
 neighbor 192.168.13.1 route-map forr2 out
 neighbor 192.168.34.1 remote-as 100
 neighbor 192.168.34.1 ebgp-multihop 2
 neighbor 192.168.34.1 update-source Loopback1
 no auto-summary
!
ip http server
!
!
!
access-list 1 permit 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255
access-list 2 permit 20.20.20.0 0.0.0.255
!
route-map forf2 permit 20
!        
route-map forr1 permit 1
 match ip address 1
 set metric 200
!
route-map forr2 permit 20
 match ip address 2
 set metric 400
!

BGP MED Multi Exit Discriminator

    ----->R3----->
R4                             R1
    ----->R2----->

R1 is company router is AS 100 and other routers are ISP routers with AS 200

In this scenario, lets say R1 is advertising 2 networks. 10.1.0.0 and 10.2.0.0. With all defaults, R4 would choose R2  (2.2.2.2 is specified as router ID of R2 and 3.3.3.3 for R3) to reach both networks.  check the below link for best path selection.

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094431.shtml

Now with MED you can let
R4 to choose R3 to reach R1 for 10.1.0.0
&
R4 to choose R2 to reach R1 for 10.2.0.0

on router R1

router bgp 100
 no synchronization
 bgp log-neighbor-changes
 network 10.1.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
 network 10.2.0.0 mask 255.255.0.0
 neighbor 192.168.20.2 remote-as 200
 neighbor 192.168.20.2 route-map sMEDR2 out
 neighbor 192.168.30.2 remote-as 200
 neighbor 192.168.30.2 route-map sMEDR3 out
 no auto-summary

!

access-list 2 permit 10.2.0.0 0.0.255.255
<create access list for 10.1.0.0>
!
route-map sMEDR2 permit 10
 match ip address 2
 set metric 100
!
route-map sMEDR2 permit 20
 match ip address 1
 set metric 200
!
<create further route maps and set metric as 100>

ospf commands

sh ip protocol


Router#sh ip pro
Routing Protocol is "ospf 100"
  Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
  Router ID 1.1.1.1
  Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
  Maximum path: 4
  Routing for Networks:
    1.1.0.0 0.0.255.255 area 100
    10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 100
 Reference bandwidth unit is 100 mbps
  Routing Information Sources:
    Gateway         Distance      Last Update
    2.2.2.2              110      00:00:19
  Distance: (default is 110)


sh ip ospf  or sh ip ospf process ID --->shows how many times SPF has been calculated. More the number lesser the stability of the network.


Router#sh ip ospf                                                  
 Routing Process "ospf 100" with ID 1.1.1.1
 Start time: 00:01:25.328, Time elapsed: 00:41:49.764
 Supports only single TOS(TOS0) routes
 Supports opaque LSA
 Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
 Supports area transit capability
 Router is not originating router-LSAs with maximum metric
 Initial SPF schedule delay 5000 msecs
 Minimum hold time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Maximum wait time between two consecutive SPFs 10000 msecs
 Incremental-SPF disabled
 Minimum LSA interval 5 secs
 Minimum LSA arrival 1000 msecs
 LSA group pacing timer 240 secs
 Interface flood pacing timer 33 msecs
 Retransmission pacing timer 66 msecs
 Number of external LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
 Number of opaque AS LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
 Number of DCbitless external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of DoNotAge external and opaque AS LSA 0
 Number of areas in this router is 1. 1 normal 0 stub 0 nssa
 Number of areas transit capable is 0
 External flood list length 0
    Area 100
        Number of interfaces in this area is 2 (1 loopback)
        Area has no authentication
        SPF algorithm last executed 00:01:20.384 ago
        SPF algorithm executed 4 times
        Area ranges are
        Number of LSA 3. Checksum Sum 0x01587C
        Number of opaque link LSA 0. Checksum Sum 0x000000
        Number of DCbitless LSA 0
        Number of indication LSA 0
        Number of DoNotAge LSA 0
        Flood list length 0



sh ip ospf database --> shows number of connected neighbors discovered by hello packets


Router#sh ip ospf database

            OSPF Router with ID (1.1.1.1) (Process ID 100)

                Router Link States (Area 100)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum Link count
1.1.1.1         1.1.1.1         169         0x80000004 0x0025C1 2
2.2.2.2         2.2.2.2         168         0x80000003 0x003B9F 2

                Net Link States (Area 100)

Link ID         ADV Router      Age         Seq#       Checksum
10.10.1.1       1.1.1.1         169         0x80000001 0x00F71C



sh ip ospf interface--->

 Router#sh ip ospf interface f0/0
FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up --->state of the link
  Internet Address 10.10.1.1/24, Area 100 --->interface IP and area in which the interface is
  Process ID 100, Router ID 1.1.1.1, Network Type BROADCAST, Cost: 1----> cost of the link
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1 -->TD is amount of time taken in sending update to the neighbor, state is DR,BDR,Waiting,DROther. Priority is another parameter in hello packet of OPSF
  Designated Router (ID) 1.1.1.1, Interface address 10.10.1.1
  No backup designated router on this network
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5--->shows hello packet varialbles
    oob-resync timeout 40
    Hello due in 00:00:02
  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
  Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
  Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

Sh ip ospf neigh


Router#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           1   FULL/BDR        00:00:33    10.10.1.2       FastEthernet0/0

it shows about neighbor states and physical interface with which the neigbor is connected


Router#sh ip ospf neighbor 2.2.2.2
 Neighbor 2.2.2.2, interface address 10.10.1.2
    In the area 100 via interface FastEthernet0/0
    Neighbor priority is 1, State is FULL, 6 state changes  -----> INIT, 2 WAY, EXSTART, EXCHANGE, LOADING, FULL,DOWN,ATTEMPT
    DR is 10.10.1.1 BDR is 10.10.1.2
    Options is 0x52
    LLS Options is 0x1 (LR)
    Dead timer due in 00:00:35
    Neighbor is up for 00:12:22
    Index 1/1, retransmission queue length 0, number of retransmission 0
    First 0x0(0)/0x0(0) Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
    Last retransmission scan length is 0, maximum is 0
    Last retransmission scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

OSPF LSA types

• LSA 1 (Router LSA)

Generated by all routers in an area to describe their directly attached links (Intra-area routes). These do not leave the area.

• LSA 2 (Network LSA)

Generated by the DR of a broadcast or Nonbroadcast segment to describe the neighbors connected to the segment. These do not leave the area.

• LSA 3 (Summary LSA)

Generated by the ABR to describe a route to neighbors outside the area. (Inter-area routes)

• LSA 4 (Summary LSA)

Generated by the ABR to describe a route to an ASBR to neighbors outside the area.

• LSA 5 (External LSA)

Generated by ASBR to describe routes redistributed into the area. These routes appear as E1 or E2 in the routing table. E2 (default) uses a static cost throughout the OSPF domain as it only takes the cost into account that is reported at redistribution. E1 uses a cumulative cost of the cost reported into the OSPF domain at redistribution plus the local cost to the ASBR.

• LSA 6 (Multicast LSA)

Not supported on Cisco routers.

• LSA 7 (NSSA External LSA)

Generated by an ASBR inside a NSSA to describe routes redistributed into the NSSA. LSA 7 is translated into LSA 5 as it leaves the NSSA. These routes appear as N1 or N2 in the ip routing table inside the NSSA. Much like LSA 5, N2 is a static cost while N1 is a cumulative cost that includes the cost upto the ASBR.

EIGRP interface BW command

EIGRP bandwidth control over Serial Subinterfaces

Hi All,

Lets consider a t1 link on a routers serial interface. The link is having 4 PVC. 2 are on s1/0.1 and one on s1/0.2 and one more on the s1/0.3. If i issue no command of bandwidth control, then how the EIGRP is going to use this BW for each PVC on serial S1/0.1 and on S1/0.2 or S1/0.3.

I could understand under defaults, each interface would have around (1544/3=) 515 Kbps. But how about the 2 PVC existing on the Serial S1/0.1.

Documentation ref will also be helpful.

Cheers!

Ravi

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vmiller

610 posts sinceMar 13, 2002

1. Mar 29, 2011 9:15 AM  in response to: ravindra Krishna

Re: EIGRP bandwidth control over Serial Subinterfaces

Bandwidth values for physical interfaces are set at statrup time (based

on the hardware)

for subinterfaces (logical) youset it yourself.

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ravindra Krishna

26 posts sinceOct 26, 2010

2. Apr 7, 2011 8:17 AM  in response to: vmiller

Re: EIGRP bandwidth control over Serial Subinterfaces

Hi,

As said earlier I have not specified any BW command. Please let us know how the BW is distributed on default conditions. A ref document will also be helpful.

Cheers!

Ravi

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vmiller

610 posts sinceMar 13, 2002

3. Apr 7, 2011 8:42 AM  in response to: ravindra Krishna

Re: EIGRP bandwidth control over Serial Subinterfaces

There are default bandwidth definitions for all interfaces, its nothing you set. For serial, the default is t-1 speeds

bandwidth

#

To set a bandwidth value for an interface, use the bandwidth interface configuration command. Use theno form of this command to restore the default values.

##

bandwidth kilobitsno  bandwidth

##

Syntax Description

# kilobits

# Intended bandwidth in kilobits per  second. For a full bandwidth DS3, enter the value 44736.

##

Default

#

Default bandwidth values are set during startup and can be  displayed with the EXEC command show interfaces.

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios/11_0/router/command/reference/rinterfc.html#wp1396

Its an old reference.

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ravindra Krishna

26 posts sinceOct 26, 2010

4. Apr 8, 2011 12:04 PM  in response to: vmiller

Re: EIGRP bandwidth control over Serial Subinterfaces

Lets consider a t1 link on a routers serial interface. The link is having 4 PVC. 2 are on s1/0.1 and one on s1/0.2 and one more on the s1/0.3. If i issue no command of bandwidth control, then how the EIGRP is going to use this BW for each PVC on serial S1/0.1 and on S1/0.2 or S1/0.3.

I could understand under defaults, each interface would have around (1544/3=) 515 Kbps. But how about the 2 PVC existing on the Serial S1/0.1.

I think I got the answer:

Since, we have not specified any BW command the default is 1544so for subinterfaces with one PVC, each would you use around (1544*50%=)772Kbps for EIGRP traffic.

And for the subinterface with 2 PVC it would be round (1544*(1/2)*50%=)386 Kbps.

Hope now this is absolutely right!

Below are ref links:

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk365/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094063.shtml#nbma